Grammar Sentence Essentials 문장의 구성요소

문장의 구성요소

필수 요소 : 주어, 동사, 목적어, 보어

부가 요소 : 수식어

 

I eat breakfast everyday.

나는 매일 아침밥을 먹습니다.

 

---

 

Subject 주어

명사나 명사에 상응하는 어구로 동작이나 상태의 주체를 의미

• Students take English courses in college. 복수형 명사
• The English classroom is on the 3rd floor. 복합 명사
• They write essays in their English courses. 복수형 대명사
• Practicing English improves their English skills. 동명사구
• To win a scholaship is a big achivement. 부정사구
• My new classmates in English are nice. 명사구
• How much students improve depends on their desire to do better. 명사절

 

가주어 It, There

긴 주어를 간결하게 정리하는 용도로 가주어 It이 사용된다. 밑줄로 표시한 부분이 진주어

• It is difficult to learn a foreign language.
• It is improtant (for you) to exerciese regularly.
• It is no surprise that he failed the final exam.

※ There is/are ~ 문장은 존재의 유무를 나타내기도 한다.

• There is a bus to the city every hour.

• There are a lot of people in the auditorium.

 

---

 

Verb 동사

주어에 따라 동사의 수와 태, 시제가 일치하며 이는 동작의 상태를 의미

• I play the guitar. 어떠한 사실, 할 수 있는 상태
• I am playing the guitar. 현재 진행형
• I was playing the guitar when you called me yesterday. 과거진행형 when ~ 의 순간에 진행중이었다.
  I played the guitar yesterday. 과거형

 

• He plays the guitar. 3인칭 주어일 때 동사의 형태가 달라진다.
• He is playing the guitar.
• They were playing the guitar when I visited them yesterday. 복수 과거진행형
  They played the guitar yesterday. 과거형
  
  

 

• She can speak Chinese. 동사의 능력을 부여하는 조동사 can
• My brother will graduate next spring. 미래시제를 나타내는 조동사 will
• Students have taken the required English courses. 동사에 보조동사 have를 사용해서 완료형
• All new members are invited to the party. be동사+과거분사형 : 수동태

 

---

 

Object 목적어

명사나 명사에 상응하는 어구로 동사가 나타내는 행위의 대상

• I lost my grammar book last week. 
• A friend found it yesterday.
• I plan to study for the chemistry test. 부정사구
• He enjoy studying in the library. 동명사구
• This book contains seven interesting stories. 수량+형용사+명사
• She said that she plans to major in physics. 명사절
• I gave my sister the dictionary. 4형식 : 목적어가 2개 my sister(간접목적어), the dictionary(직접목적어)
• I gave the dictionary to my sister(수식어). 4형식에서 3형식으로 문장을 정리한 경우

 

---

Complement 보어

명사보어 또는 형용사보어로 주어나 목적의 신분이나 성격, 상태를 의미

주격보어

• My first class is psychology. 명사
• Jane is a smart student. 명사
• My favorite hobby is swimming. 동명사구이나 명사적 역할
• Her dream is to vecome a doctor. 부정사구
• The fact is that we need more time to study. 명사절
• My psychology book seems difficult. 형용사
• The movie is interesting. 현재분사형형용사(주어가 사물일 경우)
• I am intereted in the movie. 과거분사형형용사(주어가 사람일 경우 사람이 느끼는 감정)
• The professor is in the computer lab.
• Fair play is of great importance to us.

목적격보어

목적어의 신분이나 성격, 상태를 나타냄
※ 목적격보어를 갖는 동사 : make, keep, find, consider, call

• I saw him driving.
• Many thought him a driver.
• Eric made his friends happy.
• Joan made her parents satisfied. (감정)
• My parents made it possible for me to go college. 형용사 / it는 가목적어로 뒤에 나오는 명사절이 진목적어
• My parents made it possible that I could go college. 
• Ms. Bellini considers cooking an enjoyable activity. 부정관사+형용사+명사 : 명사구

 

 

형용사와 명사를 보어로 취하는 동사 be, become, remain, seem
대체로 2형식(주어+동사+보어)을 이룸

- Nancy is a teacher.
- She is tall and stylish.
- He became a singer.
- They became tired.
- He remained quiet on the issue. 그는 그 사안에 대해서 침묵을 지켰습니다.
- That remains the question. 그것은 의문으로 남았습니다.
- He seems angry.
- They seem a happy family.

형용사만 보어로 취하는 동사 taste, feel, look

- This pasta tastes good.
- I feel great.
- You look happy.

 

---

Modifier 수식어

다양한 수식어구는 문장에 보다 많은 의미를 보충한다.

• He drives his new car carefully around the town. 형용사 / 부사+전치사구
• He studied in the library yesterday. 전치사구
• She became a teacher in 2010. 전치사구
• This elevator will be turned off to be inspected. * 부정사구
• The bag (that is) left in the lobby belongs to Ms. Lopez. 관계사가 생략된 구문
• Jenny ate lunch before she went to the class. 접속사절
• Guests who have made a resevation can be seated immediately.